Mount Anak Krakatau entered a continuous eruption at 23:07 on 4 September 2026 and stopped at 00:04 on 6 September — about 25 hours, with the ash column reaching ±15 km. The volcan
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Natural Hazard
Mount Anak Krakatau entered a continuous eruption at 23:07 on 4 September 2026 and stopped at 00:04 on 6 September — about 25 hours, with the ash column reaching ±15 km. The volcano was held at Siaga (Level III) with a 3 km exclusion radius, and there were no fatalities.
The threat proved to be ash, not tsunami: BMKG tide gauges at 20 stations recorded no sea level anomaly. Four satellites logged 321 hotspots near the crater, while SO2 spread across three altitude layers moving in opposing directions — the upper south-west at jet altitude, the lower east towards Jakarta.
AIS data showed vessels reacting well beyond the official limit: traffic within 30 km fell 29%, and the closest approach moved from 9.4 to 13.5 km — four times the 3 km radius. Losses reached Rp 225–300 billion, roughly 65% of it in aviation, concentrated 100–150 km from the crater.
New case study
GlassOcean's RF detection layer operates independently of AIS, capturing vessel electromagnetic signatures to confirm position and vessel type without relying on transponder data. This capability proved critical in confirming the scale of avoidance before vessel AIS patterns fully reflected the behavioral shift.
Vessel Tracking & Playback allowed analysts to reconstruct the exact timeline of avoidance — identifying the first vessels to alter course, the rate of avoidance spread, and the geographic boundaries of the affected corridor. The analysis confirmed that commercial avoidance began within 4 hours of Iran's initial threat, not after parliamentary approval as public data suggested.
The full case study includes vessel-level tracking data for the 48-hour window surrounding both key threat events, including vessel class breakdown, flag state distribution, and route modification heatmaps for the Arabian Gulf and Hormuz approaches.
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